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INTEGRATING SPHERE

Technology:

　An integrating sphere is a hollow sphere coated internally with a matte

finish, diffusing type material. The sphere is provided with ports or

openings for an incoming beam of light, a sample specimen and a

detector. Integrating spheres typically function as a light collection device.

The collected light can then be used as a diffuse source or as a

measurement device.

Operation:

　Integrating spheres operate by allowing light to enter the sphere

through a sample port, then through multiple reflections is scattered

uniformly around the interior of the sphere by the diffuse internal sphere

coating. The diffused light is then detected at a port configured with a

detector device.

Efficiency:

　Integrating sphere efficiency is determined mainly by the physical size of the sphere, the number of ports and most importantly the

diffuse nature and reflectivity of the internal sphere coating.

Sphere considerations:

Selection of the appropriate integrating sphere for your application typically can be

determined by the following important factors:

Internal Sphere Coating:

The coating within the inside surface of the sphere must be a very efficient diffuse coating

with high reflectance in order to deliver consistent integration and low absorption loss.

Spectral Products uses a proprietary coating (ReflectraSpec) to provide high diffuse

reflectance of light over a wide wavelength range. ReflectraSpec is effective from 400nm

up to 2500nm. For 500nm to 20µm applications, diffuse AuSpec gold-coated spheres are

available. For 180-400nm UV applications please contact Spectral Products regarding

our new UVSpec coating.

Sphere Size:

　The inside diameter of the sphere must be a minimum of 1.5 times larger than any device mounted within the sphere such as light source, sample or detector.

Ports:

　No more than 5% of a sphere internal surface area should be used for ports in order to provide proper sphere integration. If the

number of ports exceeds 5%, a larger sphere should be considered. Contact Spectral Products for help determining surface to port

area.

Applications:

　Integrating spheres are used in many scientific research and industrial applications such as:

Color Measurements
Lamp Measurement Photometry
Fluorescence Studies
Reflectance of specular or scattering samples
Laser & LED Measurements
Uniform Light Source

ISC INTEGRATING SPHERES

Classical Integrating Sphere
Four ports
Post Mount

ISC integrating spheres come standard with ReflectraSpec coating (effective from

400nm-2500nm, four orthogonal ports (please specify orthogonal, 8 degree or custom

configuration). Wall construction is cast aluminum (allows use of set screws).

ISQ INTEGRATING Q SPHERES

New Product!
Integrating sphere with cubical exterior.
Machined port plugs match interior sphere curvature.
Sits flat or can be used with optical post

Heavy duty construction (each sphere is composed of two halves, each machined from

solid aluminum stock). Standard Q spheres come with ReflectraSpec coating, four

orthogonal ports. Sphere can sit flat on work surface or be mounted on an optical mount

post.

How to Select and Size an Integrating Sphere

In order to select the Spectral Products Integrating Sphere that is best suited for your application, several factors must be taken into

consideration. The most important factors include the following:

Diameter/Source Ratio The diameter of the sphere should be at least 1.5 times the largest dimension of any device

mounted within the sphere.

Surface-to-Port Area If ports cover more than 5% of the Integrating Sphere’s surface, the Integrating Sphere may not integrate

properly. If port requirements are greater than 5% of the sphere, a larger sphere should be purchased. The following formulas can

determine port area and sphere surface area:

r = Port radius, D = Sphere Diameter
Port Area = nr²
Sphere Surface Area = nD²

Integrating Sphere Coatings The coating of a Spectral Products Integrating

Sphere is a high efficiency diffuse reflector that delivers reliable integration and

low throughput loss. The reflectance is high in order to minimize absorption loss

from multiple reflections, yet it must not reflect light specularly. Spectral Products

Integrating Sphere Coatings offer reflectance efficiencies between 95 and 99%. A

Lambertian Source is a perfect diffuse source. When a perfect diffuse reflector is

illuminated with uniform intensity, it acts as a Lambertian Source. Spectral

Products uses a proprietary ReflectraSpec coating, effective from 400 up to 2500

nm, to provide these state-of-the-art Lambertian properties. AuSpec (for IR

applications) and UVSpec (for UV applications) coatings are also available.

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